苹果干的制作方法星火教育一对一辅导教案
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教学课题
教学目标
完成时态的学习
教学重点与难点
延续性动词,时态的正确使用,句型转换
教学过程
现在完成时
1,结构:主语+have/has+动词过去分词
  例句:I have eaten an apple.
  否定:
  疑问句:
  答句:肯定/否定
2,使用情况:
第一种情况:动作在过去发生,对现在产生影响。
I have lost my keysso I can’t go home now.
过去丢了钥匙,但对现在造成了影响回不了家。
又如:He has caught a bad cold.He can’t go to school.
第二种情况,动作从过去开始发生,并一直持续到现在,并且很有可能继续持续下去。
常和for+时间段/since+过去时间点(词组或从句)连用等时间状语。
常用在完成时中的时间状语:recently, alreadyyetso faruntil now, by now, ever
辨析以下几组词汇:
just now/just, in the past/in the past few years,already/yet
Just 常和完成时连用,just now表刚才,应用一般过去时。
例句:I drank a glass of beer just now.
      I have just drunk a glass of beer.just一般位于havehas和过去分词之间)
In the past 在过去的某个时间点,和过去时连用,in the past few years是过去的几年里,是时间段。
例句: I was a teacher in the past
      I have been a teacher in the past few years.
already表已经,位置比较灵活:
I have eaten the cake already.
I have already eaten the cake.
yet既可以翻译为已经,也可以翻译为还没。
在填空时需要注意辨别两个中文意义:
Have you found your keys     (已经)?
For+时间段:
A I have taught English for 5 years.(时间段)
例句A若改为since:自从 引导:I have taught English since 5 years ago.
两句表达的意义相同,使用方式却不一样,sincefor可以互相转化,只需要将时间段和时间点改变。
Since的用法:
Since 也可以引导时间状语从句,如:
I have worked in this shop since I was a little girl.
这种情况下的时态选择为:(主句现完,从句一般过
再如:James has been a doctor since he graduated from the university.
需要注意的是,表达某事持续多长时间:it is +一段时间+since从句”
时态选择为:主句一般现在时,从句一般过去时
例:It is two hours since the meeting began.
翻译该句子:
Lucy离开家已经一个礼拜了。(出去旅游了)
                                            .
句子中有明确一段时间,或暗示是一段时间段时,句子中谓语动词必须使用延续性动词,而不是非延续性动词。非延续性动词不可以和时间段连用。
瞬间动词
一般的延续性形式
完成时的延续性形式
leave
be away
have/has been away
begin/start/put on
be on
have/has been on
turn off - turn on
be off - be on
have/has been off
end/finish
be over
have/has been over
buy
have
have/has had
borrow
keep
have/has kept
die
be dead
书法扇面have/has been dead
get to know
know
have/has known
come/go+介词
be+介词
have/has been+介词
open/close
be open/closed
have/has been open/closed
join/take part in
be in+组织/
be a member of+组织
have/has been in+组织/
have/has been a member of+组织
夏荔芪胶囊
become
be
have/has been
get married
be married
have/has been married
fall asleep
be asleep
have/has been asleep
catch a cold
have a cold
have/has had a cold
get used to
be used to
have/has been used to
例:
I have bought a book for ten days.×
I have had a book for ten days.
练习:
翻译下列句子:
1,我已经结婚六年了。
2Lucy的妹妹已经感冒很久了。
3,把电视音量调小,宝宝已经睡着了。
【注意】
1,忌处处都用延续性动词。
句子中有明显的时间段时,才需要将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。
如:I have bought a new book.
I have had this book for 2 months.
2,不只是完成时态中需要延续性动词,下面这两种也经常考:
我能借这本书多久?
How long can I borrow the book?×
How long can I keep the book?
请在我离开的那段时间照顾狗。
Please look after my dog when I leave.×
Please look after my dog while I am away.
3,短暂性动词的否定形式可以看做是延续性动词
例:
We haven't met since three years ago.
完成时态
【注意】
Have been to ,have gone to , have been in 的区别
have gone to:
在去某地的路上,或者已经离开了出发地,或者已经到了目的地,总之已经离开了说话者的位置,还没回来
在上表可知,由于go是短暂性动词,故该词组使用时,不可以和时间段的词组连用。
如:James has gone to New York with his family.表示James已经出发离开,或者到了纽约,或者在去纽约的路上,还没回来。
如:I have gone to Shanghai for two days.×这种表达就是错误的。
Have been to:
曾经去过某地,现在已经回来,或者已经去了其他地方,总之已经离开了。强调人的过往经历,常和次数连用。
如:I have been to the Great Britain for three times.
注意:0次也是次数!
例:I have never       USA .(been to/gone to/been in)
从没去过,隐藏了去了0次的意义。
have been in:
还待在句中提到的位置,小地点可用at。通常会和一段时间连用。
出国留学如:Mr. Smith has been in this school for twenty years.待了20年,现在还在这个学校。
练习:
注意,不要学了完成时后,处处都用完成时态。
过去时和完成时的区别:
1,有明确的过去时间状语,如yesterday, last month, a few days ago等。
观察以下填空题:
例:
We have to repair the window because a strong wind     (break) it.
如改为:
We have to repair the window today,because a strong wind       (break) it yesterday.
2,有上下文提示,确定是否对现在有影响,注意运动会开幕词but等转折词。
My father __went___ (go) to France several times in his twenties. Now he teaches French in a famous university.
答案为一般过去式,而非完成时。