摘要
数控加工因为其高柔性、高精度、高度自动化与高效率的特点,在机械制造业中的应用越来越广泛,在当今社会的位置越来越重要。本次设计我使用手动编程
本次毕业设计是关于某个零件的加工工艺程序进行分析与编制,在本次设计中,通过对零件的图形分析,材料分析,选好了加工毛坯尺寸,另外还对加工的工序.工艺进行分析,从而手工将加工零件的全部工艺过程、工艺参数、位移数据等以规定的代码、程序格式写出,编制出了适合所选铣床的程序。完成这次设计我做了以下工作:
1.零件图进行分析。本零件是对称图形,尺寸要求不高,但是有圆角、曲面和二次曲线较复杂的结构,对加工的程序要求高。根据零件图,合理的构思出加工顺序,并数字化建模,用UG软件画出零件的立体图,并选择毛坯材料和尺寸。
2.零件工艺性分析。加工的零件是对称的图形,一零件的几何中心为进刀点,也作为程序的原点。非加工的边缘四周区域是正方形,所以方便装夹,对夹具的要求不高。台虎钳足以满足零件装夹的要求。加工零件选择合理道具,粗铣毛坯量大,用面铣刀进行加工,其余的用φ6的立铣刀加工。球面用φ6球面铣刀加工。根据刀具和零件的要求算出切削用量,制定工艺卡片。
3.数控铣床零件加工程序的编制。手动编写出零件的加工程序,零件的程序中应用到了倒圆角的宏程序,球面的宏程序,二次曲线的宏程序。使用了G68旋转固定循环。零件加工的是内部结构,所以由上之下,由中间到四周进行加工。根据工艺卡片的要求分先后分别进行粗精加工。
关键词: 零件的分析装夹工艺编程宏程序
Abstract
Because the numerical control processing its high flexibility, the high accuracy, highly automated and the high efficiency's characteristic, is getting more and more widespread in machine-building industry's application, is now getting more and more important in society's position.
This graduation project is carries on the analysis and the establishment about some components processing craft and the procedure, in this design, through to the components graph analysis, the material analysis, chose the processing blank dimension, in addition to processing working procedure. The craft carries on the analysis, thus the handwork will process the code which, the program format the components the complete technological process, the technological parameter, the displacement data and so on stipulated to write, established has suited chooses milling machine's procedure. Completes this design to obtain from the following several steps:
1.the pair gives the detail drawing carries on the analysis. This components are the symmetric figure, the size request are not high, but has the fillet, the surface and the conic section complex structure, requests high to the processing procedure. According to the detail drawing, the reasonable idea processing sequence, and the digitized modelling, draws the components with the UG software the block diagram, and chooses the semifinished materials material and the size.
2.the components carry on the technological analysis. The processing components are the symmetrical graph, a components' geometric center is the feed spot, also as procedure zero point. The non-processing's edge all around region is a square, therefore the convenient attire clamps, is not high to jig's request. The bench vise satisfies the request which sufficiently the components attire clamps. The processing components
choice reasonable stage prop, the rough milling semifinished materials quantity is big, carries on the processing with the face milling cutter, other uses φ6 end mill processing. The spherical surface processes with φ6 the spherical cutter. Figures out the cutting specifications according to the cutting tool and the components request, the formulation process chart.
3.the numerical control milling machine components add the project the foreword establishment. Manu
al compiled the components the processing program, in the components procedure applies the round angle great procedure, the spherical surface great procedure, the conic section great procedure. Used G68 to revolve the fixed cycle. What components processing is the internal structure, therefore from, to all around carries on the processing from among. Carries on the thick precision work separatelysuccessively according to process chart's request minute.
key word:Components analysis Clamping Process Programming Macro programs
目录
第一章绪论 (4)
第二章数字化建模与零件图的分析 (6)
2.1数字化建模 (8)
2.2零件图的分析 .................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
零件的加工表面分析........................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
零件的技术要求分析............................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
2.3零件的材料分析 ................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
2.4零件的加工过程 ................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
2.5零件毛坯的设计 ................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。第三章零件工艺规程的设计 (10)
3.1定位基准的的选择 (10)
粗、精基准的选择 (10)
3.2装夹方案的确定 (10)
3.3确定加工顺序及走刀路线 (11)
3.4选择零件铣削加工时的刀具 (11)
加工本零件刀具的基本要求 (11)
本次使用铣刀种类 (12)
零件刀具的选用 (12)
3.5切削用量的选择 (13)
进给量f(mm/r)与进给速度v
(mm/min)的选择 (13)
f
切削速度v
(m/min)的选择 (14)
c
3.6机床的选择及说明 ............................................................ 错误!未定义书签。第四章数控加工程序的编制 (16)
4.1数控编程的意义 ................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
4.2数控编程的方法 (16)
4.3编程加工 (16)
程序前的准备 (16)
粗铣毛坯 (16)
加工椭圆内腔 (17)
边倒圆 (16)
椭圆内腔底部倒圆角 (19)
铣底部球面 (20)
结论 (22)
参考文献 (23)
致谢 (24)
第一章绪论
数控是现代机械加工的主流,并随着科学技术的发展,在不断进步。但是机械产品的结构越来越合理,机械论文
其性能、精度和效率日趋提高,更新换代频繁,生产类型由大批量生产向多品种小批量生产转换。[1]因此,数控技术应用加工效率有待提高。据统计数控加工与编制加工程序的时间之比为1:30,所以提高生产效率,程序的编制是关键。短时间内制定零件的加工程序,可以有效的缩短数控加工时间。本次零件的手动编程,缩短编程时间,提高生产效率。
数控零件加工工艺与编程设计中,采用了手动编程。手动编程与自动编程应用较多。自动编程是用CAD/CAM根据三维零件生成程序,虽然方便,可以生成复杂零件的程序,但是当需要改动时,改动较大,影响加工效率。手动能绘制简单零件的程序,但是适应零件的范围广,改动很快捷,这次零件结构简单,适合手动编程。在零件加工前对其进行工艺分析,编制程序的基本知识和基本理论进行了解;选用机床、刀具、夹具及零件表面的加工方法;掌握数控工艺加工方法和数控加工程序编程方法。
1.1 零件图分析与数字化建模
分析零件图选择毛坯的尺寸,对零件加工尺寸、表面粗糙度等技术要求综合分析,得出零件的加工过程,最后选择合适的机床。根据零件图,用UG生成零件图的同时定下零件的内部腔体的加工顺序。目前主要的CAD/CAM软件有UG、PRO/E、CAXA、MasterCAM等。但是UG作为模具行业适用最广的数字化制图软件,和数控联系紧密。它不仅三维建模功能强大,而且整个软件功能齐全,仿真刀路加工很形象,再加上对UG数字化建模的熟悉,所以选择了UG这个软件生成零件的立体图。适用UG时,我用
到了长方体的命令来生成毛坯,用草图功能画出两正交椭圆,并修剪好两椭圆相交的二次曲线轮廓,再使用拉伸求差的命令得到内部结构。再使用边倒圆功能来满足零件的要求。最后在适用草图功能,画出球面的截面二维图形,最后回转求差得到球面图形。两椭圆正交形成的内腔,然后倒圆角,再对内腔底部的轮廓进行边倒圆,最后铣出球面。