摘要
用于再现人手的的功能的技术装置称为机械手，机械手是模仿着人手的部分动作，按给定程序、轨迹和要求实现自动抓取、搬运或操作的自动机械装置。机械手可以代替人手的繁重劳动，显著减轻工人的劳动强度，改善劳动条件，提高劳动生产率和自动化水平。
工业机器人的技术水平和应用程度在一定程度上反应了一个国家工业自动化的水平，随着工业自动化的普及和发展，搬运机械手的应用也逐渐普及，主要在汽车，电子，机械加工、食品、医药等领域的生产流水线或货物装卸调运, 可以更好地节约能源和提高运输设备或产品的效率，减少其他运输工具的局限，从而满足现代经济发展的要求。
    本机械手主要用于光轴的搬运工作，能够配合机床（如锻床、数控机床、组合机床）或装配线等进行圆柱形工件搬运。本机械手将采用三个自由度，为气压驱动。本设计首先对机械手的手部、手腕、手臂等各个部分进行设计计算，然后选择合适的传动方式、驱动方式，搭建机器人的结构平台；其次，在气动系统的基础上对电气控制系统（PLC）进行了合理设计和布线。其动作过程包括：下降、夹紧、上升、慢进、快进、慢进、延时、下降、放松、上升、慢退、快退、慢退；其操作方式包括：回原位、手动、单步、单周期、连续；完成搬运机械手搬运工
件的最终要求。
关键词:  机械手，搬运，结构，气压，可编程控制器（PLC）。

Abstract
The technology device used to reproduce the staff function is called a mechanical hand, the mechanical hand is imitate the action of the manpower, to achieve a given program, track and requirements automatically grab, handling or operation of automatic mechanical device. Robots can replace the hands of heavy labor, significantly reduce the labor intensity, improve working机械论文 conditions, and improve labor productivity and automation level.
The technique level and the application degree of industrial robots reflect the national level of the industrial automation to some extent, with the popularity of industrial automation and development, handling the application of mechanical hand gradually popularity, mainly in the automotive, electronic, mechanical processing, food, medicine and other areas of the p
roduction line or cargo transport, we can be more good to save energy and improve the transport efficiency of equipment or products, to reduce restrictions on other modes of transportation to meet the requirements of modern economic development.
This manipulator is mainly used for metal optic axis handling work, can match with machine tools (such as forging bed, NC machine tools, combination machine tools) or assembly line of weight to realize cylindrical work pieces handling. The robot will use the three degrees of freedom for the pneumatic drive. First, I design and calculate the hand, wrist, arm and various parts of the mechanical hand. Then choose the proper drive method and transmission method, build the mechanical structure of the mechanical hand. Second, design and wire the electrical control system on the base of the pneumatic system of the manipulator. Their course of action should include: decline in clamping increased, slow forward, fast forward, slow progress, the extension of , the drop in, relax, rise, slow back, rewind, slow back; its operation, including: back in situ, manual, single-step, single cycle, continuous; and finally complete the final requirements of the handling robot porter pieces.
Keywords: mechanical hand, transport, structure, pneumatic , programmable logic controller (PLC).